杉木萌芽更新技术与调查分析

通过对杉木萌芽更新林分1～15年生长观测分析,结果表明:1～4年幼树阶段平均树高、地径分别达4.1m、9.5 cm,是同林龄实生幼林的241.2%、351.9%;10年生杉木萌芽更新林分平均胸径、树高、蓄积量分别达11.4 cm、7.8 m、97.9 m3/hm2,是同林龄实生林的142.5%、116.4%、159.2%;15年生杉木萌芽更新林分平均胸径、树高、蓄积量分别达15.6 cm、10.3 m、192.8 m3/hm2,是同林龄实生林的126.8%、103.0%、118.4%;从杉木萌芽更新和实生苗造林前期成本投入来看,前者是后者成本的60.8%。可见,杉木萌芽更新是投入少、技术简单、生长快、轮伐期短的更新方式。     

陆地棉（G．hirsutumL．）茎尖分生组织培养及其在基因导入上的应用

陆地棉栽培品种的种子无菌发芽１～３天。将萌动种子的顶端分生组织培养在无激素或附加低浓度激素ＭＳ基本培养基上，直接再生完整小植株。从顶端分生组织到再生植株所需的最短培养时间约１０天。顶端分生组织供体种芽的萌芽天数及其所连接的胚轴长度对植株再生频率有明显影响，但与品种的关系较小，不同品种均能获得再生植株。应用基因枪轰击法将ＣＰＴⅠ基因和ＮＰＴⅡ基因的重组质粒导入到棉花茎尖分生组织，培养获得卡那霉素抗性株。     

Effect of mannitol pretreatment to improve green plant regeneration on isolated microspore culture in Triticum turgidum ssp. durum cv. 'Jennah Khetifa'

The use of doubled haploids improves the efficiency of cultivar development in many crops and can be helpful in genetic and molecular studies. The major problem with this approach is the low efficiency of green plant regeneration. We describe here an efficient method for inducing embryos and regenerating green plants directly from isolated microspores of durum wheat cv. ‘Jennah Khetifa’. Tillers from donor plants were pretreated in 0.3 m mannitol and were stored at 4°C at various times: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12 days. Our results showed clearly that the novel pretreatment combined mannitol 0.3 m and cold for 7 days had a strong effect on the number of embryos produced and regenerated green plants. Under this condition 13 475 mature embryos were produced from 2 693 500 microspores. Moreover, 85 green plants were obtained. High green plants regeneration frequency was recorded. As an average 11.55 green plants were produced per 100 000 microspores (about the equivalent of six plants per spike). Therefore, this study showed clearly that our results are the best ones published until now in durum wheat.     

A Simple Method of Inducing Somatic Embryogenesis in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.

A single-step method for the induction and development of somatic embryoids from hypocotyls explains of Brassica juncea is reported. On modified MS medium containing 2 % sucrose, 0.25 mgl ¹ 2,4-D, 0.5 mgl ¹ each of NAA and BaP-R, each explant calluses at both of and at its best, 31% of explants produce embryoids. In the variety RLM-198, the number of embryoids ranges from 8–21 per culture. Each embryoid, upon proliferation, developed up to the 25 shoots. The method is rapid; the time La ken from inoculation to the development of intact plantlets is 8–10 weeks. Regenerated plants have flowered normally and have set seed. The system can profitably be used for in vitro mutant selection and early bulking in mustard.     

铁皮石斛人工繁育技术

以铁皮石斛商品瓶苗和盆栽苗茎段为试材,添加不同浓度6-BA、NAA,诱导茎段腋芽、原球茎和不定根,建立再生体系,快速繁殖铁皮石斛组培苗,以期为秦岭淮河一线以北地区人工繁殖铁皮石斛提供参考依据。结果表明:外植体宜采用70%酒精浸泡20 s,0.1%升汞浸泡8 min消毒;MS+6-BA 3.0~5.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1~1.0 mg·L^-1适合腋芽分化和增殖,分化率92%~100%;1/2MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1+土豆泥15%适合原球茎诱导增殖,增殖倍数7.7;1/2MS+NAA 0.3 mg·L^-1生根率为100%;以松针土移栽,成活率83%。     

冰草属植物组织培养再生体系的建立

以适宜西北地区种植的优质牧草冰草属(AgropyronGaertn)中的三个不同种———蒙古冰草新品系(A.mongolicumKeng)、航道冰草(A.cristatumcv.Fairway)、诺丹冰草(A.desertorumcv.Nordan)和一个种间杂种冰草———蒙农杂种冰草(A.cristatum×A.desertorumcv.Mengnong)为材料,分别以幼穗为外植体建立了冰草组织培养再生体系。诱导愈伤组织的培养基为改良MS+2,4 D2.0mg/L,分化培养基为MS(无附加成分),在1/2MS培养基上生根后得到完整小植株。结果表明在本试验条件下,不同长度的幼穗在培养时,其愈伤组织发生的部位及其增殖速度不同;4种材料愈伤组织诱导率和分化率无明显差异,均可有效诱导愈伤组织并分化成再生植株,再生植株的产生主要通过直接器官发生途径。     

苎麻悬浮细胞原生质体培养再生植株

苎麻品种浏阳大叶绿的子叶在含有２，４－Ｄ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＫＴ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳＢ固体培养基上，形成愈伤组织。愈伤组织经３￣４次继代培养后作液体振荡培养，产生悬浮细胞系。从悬浮系分离的原生质体，只有以海藻酸钠包埋方式培养在ＫＭ８Ｐ培养基中，５０天左右才能形成肉眼可见的小愈伤组织。该愈伤组织在附加２，４－Ｄ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ、６－ＢＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳＢ生长培养基上增殖，然后转入附加６－ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ     

人工合成甘蓝型油菜高频率再生研究初报

资源材料保存在作物遗传资源的研究与利用中起到非常重要的作用。该实验以不同来源的人工合成甘蓝型油菜KH106，KH109，KH111D为材料，以花序轴，子房，果柄为外植体研究其再生情况，结果表明，由芥蓝和小白菜人工合成的甘蓝型油菜KH106的再生频率极显著高于由羽衣甘蓝和白菜型油菜人工合成的甘蓝型油菜KH109和KH111；与花序轴和子房为外植体再生频率相比，以果柄为外植体平均再生频率最高，差异达到极显著水平；利用不同预处理培养基处理不同时间，结果显示不经过预处理直接接种到分化培养基上再生频率最高。     

插皮接技术在棉花再生植株嫁接中的应用

首次将插皮接技术用于棉花再生植株的嫁接,详细介绍了它的操作过程和实用技巧,该法要求简单,操作方便,成活率高;成活后砧芽枝摘心留叶有利于接穗良好生长发育。在砧木适合的嫁接时期、成活率和生长速率等方面与劈接法作了比较。结果表明:插皮接对砧木和接穗粗细比例无严格要求,从而延长了砧木可使用的时期,砧木生长过程中适合劈接的时间有一周左右(3~5片真叶),而在此以后的较长时间内均适合于插皮接(4~5片真叶直到开花期);由于形成层吻合好,使用的砧木较大,有较发达的根系,在高成活率的前提下相对缩短了再生植株成活的时间。再生植株嫁接前不练苗,在嫁接后采取新的保湿和透气策略,使练苗和嫁接同期进行,有效缩短了再生植株缓苗时间。     

Plant Regeneration Through Anther Culture of Three Wild Species of Hordeum (H. murinum, H. marinum and H. bulbosum)

Plant regeneration was achieved through anther culture of three wild species of Hordeum (H. murinum, H. marinum and H, bulbosum). Calli or embryoids were formed from microspores in anthers cultured on a medium containing 6-benzylammopurine (BAP) and ficoll. These calli or embryoids regenerated green or albino shoots and roots after transfer to regeneration media. Green plantlets which developed on regeneration media were transferred to soil where they showed further growth.